The deregulation of dietary supplements and natural products marketing by the FDA has widened the natural products market in Europe and worldwide. While the discussion about the validity of the plant approach to nutrition and diseases treatment continues, the explosion of the use of whatever is considered "natural" has generated concern about effectiveness and danger. Incorporating information ranging from regulatory aspects to clinical trial and vigilance, Herbal Medicines: Development and Validation of Plant-Derived Medicines for Human Health: Provides a reference model for those who would like to start the R&D process for a natural product Discusses fundamental issues in the development of traditional medicines for the benefit of human health Takes a sequential rational approach to the subject matter Brings awareness to the many problems facing the development of medicinal herbal products, such as quality control, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic issues This book takes readers on a rational path for development of efficacious medicinal herbal products. It points out the many problems facing the development of these products, such as quality control, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic issues. It suggests areas where future developments should occur given healthcare needs and public health considerations.

Recent clinical studies have demonstrated an impact of aromatherapy on the control of symptoms associated with human diseases not fully controlled by conventional therapy. Aromatherapy: Basic Mechanisms and Evidence Based Clinical Use provides an up-to-date compilation of background scientific information that advocates the application of currently developed clinical studies on the effects of aromatherapy to the treatment of human diseases such as mild, stress-induced mood disorders, infectious diseases, and age-related disturbances. The book encompasses all aspects of successful clinical use of aromatherapy, including phytochemistry, technology, and clinical trials. It outlines a rational basis for clinical translation of aromatherapy for treating human diseases in need of safer therapies. It also describes evidence-based use of aromatherapy in controlling clinical manifestations of severe diseases for which conventional therapies often fail, such as managing agitation and aggression associated with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Containing a wealth of references and a thorough presentation of knowledge on essential oils and aromatherapy, this book is a valuable resource for students, researchers, clinicians, and policy makers in health care systems. It details the current clinical uses of aromatherapy while promoting further clinical development in areas where therapy is lacking.

The deregulation of dietary supplements and natural products marketing by the FDA has widened the natural products market in Europe and worldwide. While the discussion about the validity of the plant approach to nutrition and diseases treatment continues, the explosion of the use of whatever is considered "natural" has generated concern about effectiveness and danger. Incorporating information ranging from regulatory aspects to clinical trial and vigilance, Herbal Medicines: Development and Validation of Plant-Derived Medicines for Human Health: Provides a reference model for those who would like to start the R&D process for a natural product Discusses fundamental issues in the development of traditional medicines for the benefit of human health Takes a sequential rational approach to the subject matter Brings awareness to the many problems facing the development of medicinal herbal products, such as quality control, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic issues This book takes readers on a rational path for development of efficacious medicinal herbal products. It points out the many problems facing the development of these products, such as quality control, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic issues. It suggests areas where future developments should occur given healthcare needs and public health considerations.

This volume provides a broad overview of important new advances in the field of Neuropharmacology. In 20 chapters, a selection of international contributors discuss topics including endocannabinoid function, pain, stress, astrocytes etc, and new possibilities for treatments of neurological diseases with neuropharmacological approaches.
- Cutting-edge articles in neuropharmacology
- Discusses new possibilities for treatments of neurological disorders
- Very international authorship providing a global view of the state of research

Neuroinflammation has been implicated recently in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. The cross-talk between neurons and non-neuronal cells seems to be a critical step in the progression of neurodegeneration and molecules that have a beneficial role may turn into harmful players. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are involved in axonal growth and regeneration as well as synaptic plasticity, may also have detrimental effects. Recent evidence has linked MMPs to conditions like ischemia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and suggested that, together with their role in the degradation of extracellular macromolecules, MMPs could work as important signalling molecules from injured neurons to the microglia.
Thus, MMP-3 has been shown to induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglia via activation of ERK and NF-kB-dependent pathways. Increasing evidence highlights the importance of a balanced cross-talk between neurons and non-neuronal cells and indicates that the presence of reactive astrocytes, the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory mediators may contribute to the progression of many central nervous system disorders, independently of the nature of the primary pathogenic event. However, many aspects still remain controversial and much more effort is needed to understand the role of neuroinflammatory mediators and processes in these conditions.
This volume brings together renowned, international scientists to discuss current knowledge and views on the mechanisms of neuroinflammation, on its role in the context of different neurodegenerative diseases (i.e. Alzheimer's, prion disease, HIV-associated dementia, multiple sclerosis, pain) and on the potential approaches for future therapeutic strategies.

Glaucoma: A Pancitopatia of the Retina and Beyond, Volume 257, the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Chapters in this volume include the Genetics of glaucoma, Artificial intelligence and deep learning in glaucoma detection and monitoring, The role of commensal microflora-induced T cells responses in glaucoma neurodegeneration, Retinal cell death in experimental glaucoma, Experimental and clinical evidence on the neuroprotective properties of Citicoline in glaucoma, Glaucoma neurodegeneration and myopia, Neuronal regeneration with pluripotent stem cells in glaucoma, and more.

New Trends in Basic and Clinical Research of Glaucoma: A Neurodegenerative Disease of the Visual System is the latest volume from Progress in Brain Research focusing on new trends in basic and clinical research of glaucoma. This established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging subfields.

New Trends in Basic and Clinical Research of Glaucoma: A Neurodegenerative Disease of the Visual System - Part B is the latest volume from Progress in Brain Research focusing on new trends in basic and clinical research of glaucoma. This established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging subfields.

Glaucoma is one of the main causes of blindness throughout the world. It is characterized by death of the retinal ganglion cells, which is associated with loss of the axons making up the optic nerve. Recent studies have demonstrated support for the classification of glaucoma as a degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The search for treatment modalities that are effective for all patients with glaucoma has resulted in numerous studies aimed at identifying neuroprotection strategies for the treatment of this disease, like those used for other degenerative diseases of the CNS.
The present book will provide an in-depth examination of the most recent findings regarding glaucoma, including risk factors, diagnosis, clinical monitoring, treatment, and above all, the need for treatment based on the concept of neuroprotection. A large part of the book is devoted to research related to this new approach to the treatment of glaucoma. Aspects that will be analyzed include experimental models of glaucoma, clinical protocols for the study of neuroprotective therapies, mechanisms underlying glaucomatous damage to neurons of the retina and other "stations" in the visual pathways of the CNS, and finally proposals for new strategies for preventing neuronal injury in glaucoma patients.
* Describes the most recent developments on neuroprotection of the optic nerve, including experimental models now used and clinical protocols
* Discusses new strategies for the prevention of neuronal injury in glaucoma patients
* Focuses on evidence-based risk factors, innovative diagnostic aspects and advanced medical/surgical treatment of glaucoma

Glaucoma: A Neurodegenerative Disease of the Retina and Beyond Part B, Volume 257, the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Topics covered in this new release include Glaucoma neurodegeneration and myopia, Links between obstructive sleep apnea and glaucoma neurodegeneration, Artificial intelligence and deep learning in glaucoma: Current state and future prospects, Brain networks reorganization and functional disability in glaucoma, Advanced vascular examinations of the retina and optic nerve head in glaucoma, and much more.